Individuals can protect themselves by using strong, unique passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, keeping software up to date, and being cautious about clicking on suspicious links or attachments.

A virus attaches to programs, spreading when executed. A worm replicates itself to spread independently. A Trojan masquerades as legitimate software but performs malicious actions.

The CIA Triad consists of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability, ensuring that sensitive data is protected, accurate, and accessible.

MitM attacks intercept communications between parties. Prevention includes using encryption and strong authentication.

SSL/TLS are protocols that encrypt data during transmission, ensuring secure communication over networks.

The principle of “least privilege” means that users and applications are given the minimum levels of access—or permissions—necessary to perform their job functions. This reduces the attack surface and limits the potential damage if an account is compromised. For example, a marketing employee should not have admin-level access to server databases.